- ATOM币历史价格表
- ATOM币概况
时间 | 最高价($) | 最低价($) |
---|---|---|
2020-12-30 | 5.5799 | 5.0872 |
2020-12-29 | 5.2225 | 4.7513 |
2020-12-28 | 4.9847 | 4.5771 |
2020-12-27 | 4.9613 | 4.7248 |
2020-12-26 | 5.0436 | 4.8018 |
2020-12-25 | 4.9145 | 4.2274 |
2020-12-24 | 5.0463 | 4.5256 |
2020-12-23 | 5.0959 | 4.7342 |
2020-12-22 | 5.2457 | 4.8122 |
2020-12-21 | 5.3979 | 5.194 |
2020-12-20 | 5.4361 | 5.2168 |
2020-12-19 | 5.7262 | 5.212 |
2020-12-18 | 5.6918 | 5.3574 |
2020-12-17 | 5.4995 | 5.1549 |
2020-12-16 | 5.3058 | 5.0559 |
2020-12-15 | 5.2388 | 5.0365 |
2020-12-14 | 5.3699 | 4.9003 |
2020-12-13 | 4.9565 | 4.5514 |
2020-12-12 | 4.7663 | 4.4837 |
2020-12-11 | 4.8791 | 4.6755 |
2020-12-10 | 4.9826 | 4.5615 |
2020-12-09 | 5.1843 | 4.8878 |
2020-12-08 | 5.2257 | 5.1226 |
2020-12-07 | 5.2984 | 5.0869 |
2020-12-06 | 5.339 | 4.9708 |
2020-12-05 | 5.6439 | 5.2481 |
2020-12-04 | 5.5457 | 5.2663 |
2020-12-03 | 5.4194 | 5.2004 |
2020-12-02 | 5.7122 | 5.1219 |
2020-12-01 | 5.613 | 5.3204 |
2020-11-30 | 5.5404 | 5.3409 |
2020-11-29 | 5.5249 | 5.0898 |
2020-11-28 | 5.4406 | 5.0242 |
2020-11-27 | 6.4671 | 5.0048 |
2020-11-26 | 6.4558 | 5.8135 |
2020-11-25 | 6.4053 | 5.5243 |
2020-11-24 | 5.7517 | 5.4125 |
2020-11-23 | 5.9759 | 5.275 |
2020-11-22 | 5.7893 | 5.2372 |
2020-11-21 | 5.4557 | 5.0478 |
2020-11-20 | 5.1732 | 4.9874 |
2020-11-19 | 5.3643 | 4.9529 |
2020-11-18 | 5.2571 | 5.0533 |
2020-11-17 | 5.1781 | 4.8558 |
2020-11-16 | 5.1218 | 4.9926 |
2020-11-15 | 5.2559 | 5.0049 |
2020-11-14 | 5.2533 | 4.9607 |
2020-11-13 | 5.303 | 4.9378 |
2020-11-12 | 5.20928845 | 4.96383889 |
2020-11-11 | 5.25364908 | 4.68912095 |
2020-11-10 | 4.94201525 | 4.68747632 |
2020-11-09 | 4.88293478 | 4.52814688 |
2020-11-08 | 5.14351488 | 4.64243112 |
2020-11-07 | 4.93066134 | 4.47352005 |
2020-11-06 | 4.53962806 | 4.22242311 |
2020-11-05 | 4.49376665 | 4.23405513 |
2020-11-04 | 4.67770165 | 4.36540395 |
2020-11-03 | 4.86567337 | 4.58087492 |
2020-11-02 | 4.84303137 | 4.54002506 |
2020-11-01 | 4.79735051 | 4.47701625 |
2020-10-31 | 4.7154393 | 4.37044762 |
2020-10-30 | 4.85113775 | 4.5422618 |
2020-10-29 | 5.23429089 | 4.81992129 |
2020-10-28 | 5.30276034 | 5.00094355 |
2020-10-27 | 5.35944816 | 5.09674536 |
2020-10-26 | 5.63883478 | 5.30082121 |
2020-10-25 | 5.53441785 | 5.19560212 |
2020-10-24 | 5.55048478 | 5.31598859 |
2020-10-23 | 5.50742391 | 5.21923753 |
2020-10-22 | 5.45272952 | 5.01136668 |
2020-10-21 | 5.67883451 | 5.19822137 |
2020-10-20 | 5.76992989 | 5.56317507 |
2020-10-19 | 5.75509344 | 5.33106927 |
2020-10-18 | 5.50382632 | 5.30083402 |
2020-10-17 | 5.87077014 | 5.33873141 |
2020-10-16 | 5.83821887 | 5.52789452 |
2020-10-15 | 6.11591091 | 5.80118173 |
2020-10-14 | 6.22398999 | 5.85502339 |
2020-10-13 | 6.21981041 | 5.80905076 |
2020-10-12 | 5.92598097 | 5.22375199 |
2020-10-11 | 5.35177966 | 5.10500657 |
2020-10-10 | 5.2455494 | 4.94139538 |
2020-10-09 | 4.99594146 | 4.64675856 |
2020-10-08 | 5.16758874 | 4.5814467 |
2020-10-07 | 5.38904534 | 4.98838235 |
2020-10-06 | 5.37464679 | 5.17646312 |
2020-10-05 | 5.34844411 | 4.87948897 |
2020-10-04 | 5.09651312 | 4.83719004 |
2020-10-03 | 5.25871006 | 4.69289589 |
2020-10-02 | 5.58565454 | 5.28452102 |
2020-10-01 | 5.52273804 | 4.8754559 |
2020-09-30 | 5.05593158 | 4.79608543 |
2020-09-29 | 5.16561067 | 4.66184719 |
2020-09-28 | 4.76891495 | 4.5042721 |
2020-09-27 | 4.80534697 | 4.44470491 |
2020-09-26 | 4.59388803 | 4.30702395 |
2020-09-25 | 4.26629462 | 3.81047634 |
2020-09-24 | 4.27684174 | 4.0763747 |
2020-09-23 | 4.2643723 | 4.04561359 |
2020-09-22 | 4.78641552 | 3.98884752 |
2020-09-21 | 5.07193821 | 4.7633506 |
2020-09-20 | 5.01400385 | 4.80142305 |
2020-09-19 | 5.20612529 | 4.91090322 |
2020-09-18 | 5.18900573 | 4.84613265 |
2020-09-17 | 5.05006279 | 4.71323305 |
2020-09-16 | 5.52823777 | 4.84627377 |
2020-09-15 | 5.48412801 | 5.12872486 |
2020-09-14 | 5.81828189 | 5.22722153 |
2020-09-13 | 5.42301925 | 5.13717558 |
2020-09-12 | 5.41111029 | 5.10264791 |
2020-09-11 | 5.55282175 | 5.18474078 |
2020-09-10 | 5.40697819 | 4.79908636 |
2020-09-09 | 5.14873734 | 4.75813079 |
2020-09-08 | 5.31451159 | 4.67316874 |
2020-09-07 | 5.34516321 | 4.58024612 |
2020-09-06 | 5.66611876 | 4.83311675 |
2020-09-05 | 5.82090988 | 4.75151829 |
2020-09-04 | 6.73865215 | 5.62337539 |
2020-09-03 | 7.44901502 | 6.56424017 |
2020-09-02 | 7.64012703 | 7.05491869 |
2020-09-01 | 7.79772926 | 7.37287565 |
2020-08-31 | 7.84050652 | 7.2610198 |
2020-08-30 | 7.76495136 | 7.40670132 |
2020-08-29 | 7.80419668 | 6.95910218 |
2020-08-28 | 8.22052918 | 7.11190905 |
2020-08-27 | 8.58095444 | 7.88535846 |
2020-08-26 | 8.79499084 | 7.74639252 |
2020-08-25 | 8.47685347 | 7.38830499 |
2020-08-24 | 7.68686481 | 6.15409467 |
2020-08-23 | 6.36965183 | 5.42502201 |
2020-08-22 | 6.51392832 | 5.69583622 |
2020-08-21 | 6.17996524 | 5.45830443 |
2020-08-20 | 5.93576939 | 5.35211713 |
2020-08-19 | 6.16590045 | 5.58701874 |
2020-08-18 | 6.35776974 | 5.95675054 |
2020-08-17 | 6.18235578 | 5.7999265 |
2020-08-16 | 6.34536507 | 5.93292926 |
2020-08-15 | 6.58063294 | 5.88918481 |
2020-08-14 | 6.416108 | 5.50580266 |
2020-08-13 | 5.61088283 | 4.72937496 |
2020-08-12 | 5.55323732 | 4.79392052 |
2020-08-11 | 5.78211475 | 5.03975378 |
2020-08-10 | 5.08150499 | 4.04149515 |
2020-08-09 | 4.13016862 | 3.88850385 |
2020-08-08 | 4.24143046 | 4.00225989 |
2020-08-07 | 4.23487602 | 4.07643576 |
2020-08-06 | 4.19886807 | 3.89838217 |
2020-08-05 | 4.03956343 | 3.8079352 |
2020-08-04 | 4.06535803 | 3.84460703 |
2020-08-03 | 4.23062072 | 3.55059294 |
2020-08-02 | 4.08375427 | 3.73181722 |
2020-08-01 | 3.84737635 | 3.69945419 |
2020-07-31 | 3.7442948 | 3.59977213 |
2020-07-30 | 3.8475462 | 3.66667602 |
2020-07-29 | 3.71599199 | 3.45716687 |
2020-07-28 | 3.90223289 | 3.40079984 |
2020-07-27 | 3.91932505 | 3.74579312 |
2020-07-26 | 3.94403713 | 3.78224697 |
2020-07-25 | 4.04884264 | 3.86436274 |
2020-07-24 | 4.0824831 | 3.91832037 |
2020-07-23 | 4.03146009 | 3.88389361 |
2020-07-22 | 4.06760821 | 3.81110997 |
2020-07-21 | 4.2505998 | 4.02218794 |
2020-07-20 | 4.5166503 | 4.06149163 |
2020-07-19 | 4.48552826 | 4.09813612 |
2020-07-18 | 4.2328752 | 3.84339256 |
2020-07-17 | 4.29533771 | 3.77814014 |
2020-07-16 | 4.16118622 | 3.87298781 |
2020-07-15 | 4.13474231 | 3.77060822 |
2020-07-14 | 4.3270874 | 3.90961924 |
2020-07-13 | 4.15980053 | 3.89963366 |
2020-07-12 | 4.50489789 | 3.91778825 |
2020-07-11 | 3.93081429 | 3.45307969 |
2020-07-10 | 3.66492355 | 3.38933921 |
2020-07-09 | 3.52397331 | 3.14118168 |
2020-07-08 | 3.22433666 | 2.96018719 |
2020-07-07 | 3.11090303 | 2.82542909 |
2020-07-06 | 2.8538651 | 2.71394537 |
2020-07-05 | 2.76488288 | 2.68351772 |
2020-07-04 | 2.78616375 | 2.61669559 |
2020-07-03 | 2.7891705 | 2.62658486 |
2020-07-02 | 2.65267222 | 2.57351656 |
2020-07-01 | 2.6708266 | 2.56225643 |
2020-06-30 | 2.62562019 | 2.46672348 |
2020-06-29 | 2.66971617 | 2.3339128 |
2020-06-28 | 2.70063944 | 2.56266992 |
2020-06-27 | 2.66987474 | 2.52432111 |
2020-06-26 | 2.70027966 | 2.57586397 |
2020-06-25 | 2.86326788 | 2.65873862 |
2020-06-24 | 2.81825594 | 2.64815552 |
2020-06-23 | 2.71902673 | 2.59027878 |
2020-06-22 | 2.63033381 | 2.57917648 |
2020-06-21 | 2.63911279 | 2.55426201 |
2020-06-20 | 2.67110594 | 2.58330132 |
2020-06-19 | 2.71538633 | 2.65907366 |
2020-06-18 | 2.73921009 | 2.66883851 |
2020-06-17 | 2.757298 | 2.67708077 |
2020-06-16 | 2.81668624 | 2.56316198 |
2020-06-15 | 2.89199584 | 2.7743211 |
2020-06-14 | 2.88520967 | 2.81910826 |
2020-06-13 | 2.95229399 | 2.75469155 |
2020-06-12 | 3.12349969 | 2.93741634 |
2020-06-11 | 3.14056611 | 3.03823394 |
2020-06-10 | 3.17504993 | 3.02701416 |
2020-06-09 | 3.07842138 | 2.93468508 |
2020-06-08 | 3.10426337 | 2.91587191 |
2020-06-07 | 3.17194835 | 3.06611368 |
2020-06-06 | 3.19078447 | 3.03477295 |
2020-06-05 | 3.12708497 | 2.83145876 |
2020-06-04 | 2.85239829 | 2.6859005 |
2020-06-03 | 2.94279444 | 2.67540905 |
2020-06-02 | 2.83927952 | 2.7029647 |
2020-06-01 | 2.87415376 | 2.72335678 |
2020-05-31 | 2.80230611 | 2.61617827 |
2020-05-30 | 2.68485437 | 2.61992786 |
2020-05-29 | 2.63530439 | 2.56569354 |
2020-05-28 | 2.67222856 | 2.5376669 |
2020-05-27 | 2.62889233 | 2.53941806 |
2020-05-26 | 2.5904974 | 2.49221776 |
2020-05-25 | 2.6459461 | 2.56709394 |
2020-05-24 | 2.66863536 | 2.57605544 |
2020-05-23 | 2.62228493 | 2.46905129 |
2020-05-22 | 2.7216872 | 2.56293303 |
2020-05-21 | 2.70269687 | 2.5654268 |
2020-05-20 | 2.63074039 | 2.53521765 |
2020-05-19 | 2.6582302 | 2.52641403 |
2020-05-18 | 2.61897339 | 2.52568553 |
2020-05-17 | 2.53838983 | 2.44608669 |
2020-05-16 | 2.55631769 | 2.48473003 |
2020-05-15 | 2.5614022 | 2.47803658 |
2020-05-14 | 2.53537358 | 2.4423406 |
2020-05-13 | 2.52390528 | 2.31361029 |
2020-05-12 | 2.548519 | 2.37460899 |
2020-05-11 | 2.83127128 | 2.4772955 |
2020-05-10 | 2.85248249 | 2.75100529 |
2020-05-09 | 2.7867061 | 2.63869354 |
2020-05-08 | 2.74171481 | 2.62700177 |
2020-05-07 | 2.75476905 | 2.66743951 |
2020-05-06 | 2.85777121 | 2.6767397 |
2020-05-05 | 2.82899841 | 2.59804094 |
2020-05-04 | 2.96549832 | 2.77795517 |
2020-05-03 | 2.88340808 | 2.80378361 |
2020-05-02 | 2.91625387 | 2.70967784 |
2020-05-01 | 3.08484346 | 2.75694737 |
2020-04-30 | 2.91280066 | 2.76834829 |
2020-04-29 | 2.84187266 | 2.67989527 |
2020-04-28 | 2.83127289 | 2.68415395 |
2020-04-27 | 2.89594295 | 2.7808048 |
2020-04-26 | 2.93070854 | 2.61670513 |
2020-04-25 | 2.63505286 | 2.40899706 |
2020-04-24 | 2.45874353 | 2.33808681 |
2020-04-23 | 2.38904685 | 2.2731964 |
2020-04-22 | 2.39660649 | 2.2645577 |
2020-04-21 | 2.44347877 | 2.32028349 |
2020-04-20 | 2.53674645 | 2.39849357 |
2020-04-19 | 2.48890343 | 2.36672243 |
2020-04-18 | 2.43650885 | 2.3573214 |
2020-04-17 | 2.42367943 | 2.22736698 |
2020-04-16 | 2.51662551 | 2.31662646 |
2020-04-15 | 2.40005486 | 2.214145 |
2020-04-14 | 2.38402266 | 2.19535197 |
2020-04-13 | 2.35580421 | 2.26154457 |
2020-04-12 | 2.38226662 | 2.23435408 |
2020-04-11 | 2.62038893 | 2.20906561 |
2020-04-10 | 2.54594284 | 2.36523864 |
2020-04-09 | 2.45520252 | 2.30887891 |
2020-04-08 | 2.49174816 | 2.31575586 |
2020-04-07 | 2.33962805 | 2.0229704 |
2020-04-06 | 2.08535718 | 1.99055353 |
2020-04-05 | 2.03292709 | 1.97117542 |
2020-04-04 | 2.08704174 | 1.98214179 |
2020-04-03 | 2.02709317 | 1.89330286 |
2020-04-02 | 1.99802305 | 1.91591795 |
2020-04-01 | 2.02361135 | 1.94335118 |
2020-03-31 | 2.00234403 | 1.86781476 |
2020-03-30 | 1.99692093 | 1.90669933 |
2020-03-29 | 2.1082368 | 1.89804384 |
2020-03-28 | 2.19302982 | 2.07754052 |
2020-03-27 | 2.14413394 | 2.07304554 |
2020-03-26 | 2.17657591 | 2.05331538 |
2020-03-25 | 2.13879773 | 1.9478635 |
2020-03-24 | 2.0773194 | 1.91439152 |
2020-03-23 | 2.23295633 | 2.00944777 |
2020-03-22 | 2.26364698 | 1.87248385 |
2020-03-21 | 2.45066963 | 1.95723441 |
2020-03-20 | 1.96751633 | 1.69011983 |
2020-03-19 | 1.83868915 | 1.66192146 |
2020-03-18 | 1.85152437 | 1.63190274 |
2020-03-17 | 2.08348314 | 1.53342289 |
2020-03-16 | 1.97478102 | 1.81066168 |
2020-03-15 | 1.8592473 | 1.55850016 |
2020-03-14 | 2.14658531 | 1.12032083 |
2020-03-13 | 3.0185243 | 1.84985487 |
2020-03-12 | 3.14722455 | 2.98394353 |
2020-03-11 | 3.18840148 | 2.86981372 |
2020-03-10 | 3.27362926 | 2.84921329 |
2020-03-09 | 3.81884613 | 3.22989058 |
2020-03-08 | 3.86291312 | 3.75161717 |
2020-03-07 | 3.91095991 | 3.72873891 |
2020-03-06 | 3.92377754 | 3.60962252 |
2020-03-05 | 3.87014339 | 3.52630537 |
2020-03-04 | 3.75734703 | 3.53998278 |
2020-03-03 | 3.63075641 | 3.2498086 |
2020-03-02 | 3.560573 | 3.4104616 |
2020-03-01 | 3.65977897 | 3.45883091 |
2020-02-29 | 3.85641642 | 3.4495252 |
2020-02-28 | 3.79061257 | 3.37575909 |
2020-02-27 | 4.17605387 | 3.67709371 |
2020-02-26 | 4.67927504 | 4.14852515 |
2020-02-25 | 4.91686769 | 4.61024381 |
2020-02-24 | 5.09326827 | 4.78471052 |
2020-02-23 | 5.0417272 | 4.58971978 |
2020-02-22 | 4.89164617 | 4.15720058 |
2020-02-21 | 4.68665584 | 4.11236708 |
2020-02-20 | 4.59382015 | 4.20333583 |
2020-02-19 | 4.29917915 | 4.03974592 |
2020-02-18 | 4.40139264 | 3.92269035 |
2020-02-17 | 4.91528442 | 4.32865616 |
2020-02-16 | 5.13549149 | 4.86920028 |
2020-02-15 | 5.05485495 | 4.88411667 |
2020-02-14 | 5.24402319 | 4.88119445 |
2020-02-13 | 5.30931183 | 4.91748455 |
2020-02-12 | 5.00058817 | 4.67405641 |
2020-02-11 | 4.76046603 | 4.58895407 |
2020-02-10 | 4.78713884 | 4.62961641 |
2020-02-09 | 4.89562188 | 4.51179024 |
2020-02-08 | 4.88117901 | 4.49486237 |
2020-02-07 | 4.56708634 | 4.25999651 |
2020-02-06 | 4.29786606 | 4.1555755 |
2020-02-05 | 4.37732083 | 4.02169338 |
2020-02-04 | 4.47572387 | 4.34181916 |
2020-02-03 | 4.46534011 | 4.27807296 |
2020-02-02 | 4.43498676 | 4.31141528 |
2020-02-01 | 4.60455162 | 4.3283988 |
2020-01-31 | 4.4766399 | 4.31727326 |
2020-01-30 | 4.57693423 | 4.3752377 |
2020-01-29 | 4.65047758 | 4.47806845 |
2020-01-28 | 4.59573589 | 4.41649331 |
2020-01-27 | 4.47471314 | 4.36439244 |
2020-01-26 | 4.50711431 | 4.35943135 |
2020-01-25 | 4.50827804 | 4.35162166 |
2020-01-24 | 4.66646881 | 4.38546543 |
2020-01-23 | 4.70944162 | 4.54911079 |
2020-01-22 | 4.64340818 | 4.45597002 |
2020-01-21 | 4.60035987 | 4.39371848 |
2020-01-20 | 4.75230955 | 4.3637436 |
2020-01-19 | 4.94248641 | 4.60743193 |
2020-01-18 | 5.27184547 | 4.28715989 |
2020-01-17 | 4.63451346 | 4.21848182 |
2020-01-16 | 4.87955497 | 4.27997175 |
2020-01-15 | 4.41450143 | 4.13230997 |
2020-01-14 | 4.24315736 | 4.09431726 |
2020-01-13 | 4.3775166 | 4.21599261 |
2020-01-12 | 4.39551636 | 4.21342867 |
2020-01-11 | 4.40500711 | 3.94977303 |
2020-01-10 | 4.46130756 | 3.87101552 |
2020-01-09 | 4.16094992 | 4.018829 |
2020-01-08 | 4.22894398 | 4.0419075 |
2020-01-07 | 4.25135107 | 4.02041262 |
2020-01-06 | 4.35043708 | 4.18155941 |
2020-01-05 | 4.36443526 | 4.1674629 |
2020-01-04 | 4.3302075 | 4.01382213 |
2020-01-03 | 4.45818893 | 4.19549353 |
2020-01-02 | 4.43552227 | 4.1801662 |
2020-01-01 | 4.28749651 | 4.10869981 |
Cosmos是一个并行网络,各链由诸如Tendermint共识提供支持。在cosmos生态系统中各空间可以相互通信、交易、互操作。Cosmos的愿景是打破区块链之间的障碍,创建一个区块链互联网,成为各种实际使用场景的优先选择平台。
这一实现伴随着一系列系统工具的开发,包括Tendermint,Cosmos SDK、IBC,Hub和Zone之间的通信,通过IBC协议实现。以太坊所采用的Go-Ethereum是单片技术堆栈范畴,对其特性的一些升级、以及定制性的提升,是2014成立的Tendermint最早的切入点。Tendermint BFT是一种解决方案,它将区块链的网络层和共识层打包,开发人员只需专注于应用层而无需在意底层协议,这一对开发者友好的设计在公链泛滥的当今看起来并无新意,但如果考虑这一设想最早出现在2014年底,就能自然而然明白cosmos的前瞻性了。
此外,Tendermint 共识算法的主要好处就是它具有安全简易的轻客戸端,这一点使其成为手机和物联网用例的理想工具。Tendermint 轻客戸端只需和验证组的变化保持一致,然后验证最新区块中预先提交的+⅔,来确定最新情况。 总而言之,跨链不是comos的全部,Tendermint技术在开发时间的节省上也下了很大的功夫,Tendermint BFT的属性适用公链、私链,Tendermint BFT仅处理区块链的网络和共识,节点传播事务和验证器就一组事务达成一致,以附加到区块链,每秒可处理数千事务。
COSMOS建立在Tendermint的BPOS+PBFT的共识机制上。该机制涉及验证人与提议人。PBFT则用来确认区块的有效性,抵押代币的数量决定验证人投票的权重过程中的权力,BPOS用来分配验证人的权力。每轮的提议人会从验证人顺序列表中按照其选票比例来选择确定。Tendermint采用由绝对多数的选票三分之二选定的最优拜占庭容错算法。
一、Cosmos SDK
图1 Cosmos SDK功能
SDK在Tendermint BFT的基础上,进一步缩短第三方开发者的研发周期,首先,它允许开发人员在Golang上移植任何现有的区块链代码库,Ethermint面向以太坊网络。所有现有的工具(Truffle,Metamask等)都与Ethermint兼容,无需额外工作即可移植智能合约。cosmos SDK基于两个主要原则,在此基础上进一步规范了框架:
• 模块化: Tendermint团队构建了Cosmos Hub所需的基础模块。任何开发人员在构建自己的应用程序时都可以使用这些模块。并可以为Cosmos SDK创建一个模块。
• 安全边界:限制模块之间的安全边界,使开发人员能够更好地处理模块的可组合性,同时,限制恶意或意外交互的范围。
Cosmos SDK的详情可以在官网进行查阅,提供了用于构建命令行界面(CLI),REST服务器和各种其他常用的实用程序库。
二、IBC
在cosmos网络中,区块链之间的连接通过区块间通信协议(IBC)协议实现。IBC利用Tendermint共识,允许异构链将值(即token)或数据相互转移。异构链的特点是具有不同的层,各区块链由一组验证器维护,这些验证器称为矿工。在各自的网络中,共识、应用层皆有不同,为了与IBC兼容,需要遵循一些共识层的要求。IBC允许异构区块链相互传递令牌和数据,这意味着具有不同应用程序和验证器集的区块链是可互操作的。
链A上的一个帐户想要发送10个令牌到链B时,系统将连续地进行跟踪,将允许每个链跟踪另一个链的验证器集。且每一条链都运行另一条链的轻客户端。启动IBC传输时,IBC协议中的两个关键信息分别是IBCBlockCommitTx和IBCPacketTx,前者记录发送方所在的最新区块信息;后者是跨链交易本身的信息,执行时通过提及跨链指令存入outgoing队列;从outgoing队列取出交易信息,提交到Hub,由Hub执行后续步骤,以实现跨链交易。在此过程中,ATOM被锁定(绑定)在链A上,然后将10个ATOM的证据从链A转发到链B,并在链B上针对链A的有效性进行验证,如果有效,则在链B上创建10个ATOM凭证。在链B上创建的ATOM不是真正的ATOM,类似的机制用于在ATOM返回其原始链时解锁ATOM。
在IBC的设计原理上,通过直接连接可以将网络中的每个区块链彼此串联起来。但这种情况需要面临二次增长的不可控性,为了解决这个问题,Cosmos提出了一种模块化架构,在网络中具有两类区块链:枢纽Hub和区域Zone。前者专门设计用于将区域连接在一起。当区域与枢纽建立IBC连接时,它可以自动访问(即发送和接收)与其连接的每个其他区域。因此,每个区域只需要与一组受限的枢纽建立有限数量的连接。还可以防止区域内的双重支出。空间内部所有代币的转移将通过Cosmos Hub,Hub将完成各空间代币持有总量的记录,以及各空间的隔离,并囊括用户数据报协议(UDP)、传输控制协议(TCP)。Hub与各空间的状态变化会保持信息通信的一致,通过发布梅克尔证明(Merkle-proof)来说明信息已经被传送或接收。
Cosmos将在发布时提供良好的垂直可扩展性,在完成IBC模块后,将实施水平可扩展性解决方案。在Cosmos Network中推出的第一个Hub是Cosmos Hub。其令牌称为ATOM。Cosmos 中的验证人类似于提供机器的矿工,非验证人将ATOM权益代币委托用于投票。以此实现一定的ATOM奖励分配,当验证人被攻击或作恶时,系统采用一定的机制进行惩罚和削弱。
三、Cosmos可解决的区块链问题
1、可扩展性
工作量证明协议缓慢,昂贵,不可扩展且对环境有害。
Tendermint BFT解决了这个问题。
Tendermint BFT是拜占庭式容错共识引擎,可为Cosmos权益证明提供支持。
2、易用性
区块链应用程序很复杂,开发人员很难理解。
Cosmos SDK修复了此问题。
Cosmos SDK是用于构建可互操作的,特定于应用程序的区块链的模块化框架。
3、互通性
区块链经济孤立无援,彼此之间无法转移资产。
IBC协议解决了这个问题。
区块链间通信(IBC)是一种类似于TCP / IP的区块链消息传递协议。
四、主要特点和里程碑
Tendermint Core: “Tendermint Core”是一款即用型区块链引擎,配备 Cosmos 实用拜占庭容错共识协议。内核可用于搭建公共或私有区块链。共识机制提供即时结算和安保;优先保障安全,其次才是网络活跃度。
Cosmos SDK: 作为便利工具包,Cosmos SDK 有助开发者搭建应用专属的区块链。
跨链通信: 为了向开发者提供更多搭建区块链的工具,Cosmos 项目的下一个目标是提高不同区块链之间的互操作能力,实现跨链和跨层交易。借助分区组合,用户得以在 IBC 兼容链组成的代币生态系统内自由交易。
相关链接:
https://cosmos.network/intro
https://www.dprating.com/rating/report/114
https://cosmos.network/resources/whitepaper
*以上内容由非小号官方整理,如若转载,请注明出处。